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Bearing structure and space matching: a rational selection guide in mechanical design

 

In the design of mechanical systems, the sizing of the shaft is usually the first step. The diameter, length and workload of the shaft determine the overall structural layout of the equipment. Once the size of the shaft has been determined, the selection of the bearing must be optimally selected within the limited installation space to ensure that the load requirements are met, as well as the compactness and ease of assembly.

 

Fortunately, a large number of standardized size series and configurations are available in modern rolling bearing designs to help engineers efficiently configure them in a variety of installation spaces and load cases. Common matching methods are as follows:

 

1. Small diameter shaft: deep groove ball bearings are preferred, which have simple structure, low cost and stable operation, and are suitable for occasions that bear small and medium loads and have a compact installation space.

 

2. Large diameter shafts: cylindrical roller bearings or tapered roller bearings are recommended, as these bearings have a high load carrying capacity and are especially suitable for heavy and shock load scenarios.

 

3. Radial space constraints: Choose from light-duty and ultra-light-duty bearing series, such as double-row ball bearings or double-row roller bearings, which can withstand large loads and save space.

 

4. Restricted axial space: Narrow section bearings, such as thin-walled ball bearings or customized, special narrow bearings, can be considered to accommodate specific equipment layout requirements.

 

In addition, the following factors should be considered during the selection process: rotational speed, load direction (radial/axial/composite), service life, lubrication method, sealing requirements, and ease of assembly and maintenance.

 

In short, bearing selection is not only a matter of size matching, but also a balance between mechanical properties, life and efficiency. Through scientific and reasonable selection methods, the stability and reliability of the whole machine can be significantly improved.