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Main Types and Characteristics of Rolling Functional Components in Linear Guides

Comparison of Basic Performance of Three Commonly Used Linear Motion Guides. The operating speed of rolling linear guides has reached 300 m/min. In Europe and America, more than two-thirds of high-speed CNC machine tools use rolling linear guides, which are increasingly widely used in various modern mechanical equipment. Rolling functional components all use balls or rollers as rolling elements. Commonly used rolling functional components include the following:

 

1. Rolling Linear Guide Pair

 

Characteristics: The rolling elements contact the circular arc groove, resulting in higher load-bearing capacity, better rigidity, and a low coefficient of friction (generally 0.002~0.005, only 5%~2% of that of sliding guide pairs), saving power and capable of withstanding loads in four directions (up, down, left, and right). The difference between dynamic and static friction is very small.

 

Low wear, long service life, and easy installation, maintenance, and lubrication. Allows for movement speeds more than ten times that of sliding guides, providing flexible and impact-free movement. During low-speed, micro-feeding, it can effectively control position and dimensions without slippage, and can achieve ultra-micron level precision feeding. 2. Rolling Linear Guide Sleeve Pair

Features: Low coefficient of friction, only 0.001~0.004, saving power. Flexible and accurate micro-movements, no creeping at low speeds.

 

High precision, long stroke, and fast movement speed. Self-adjusting capability, reducing the machining precision of related components. Easy maintenance and lubrication.

 

The guide rail and guide sleeve are cylindrical, resulting in low cost. However, the rolling elements have point contact with the shaft, leading to a lower load-bearing capacity. Suitable for applications requiring high precision and light loads.

 

3. Rolling Spline Pair

Features: Extremely low frictional resistance, with a coefficient of friction between 0.002 and 0.003, allowing for high-speed rotation or linear reciprocating motion (speeds up to 100m/min and above). Frictional resistance is almost independent of speed; no creeping occurs during low-speed micro-movement reciprocating motion.

 

Preload can be applied by changing the diameter of the rolling balls to eliminate backlash during forward and reverse rotation, thereby reducing impact and improving rigidity and motion accuracy. It boasts high load-bearing capacity, long service life, and good accuracy retention.

 

4. Rolling Guide Blocks

Features: The rolling elements are cylindrical rollers, with a load-bearing capacity approximately 10 times that of ball bearings. The friction coefficient is low, between 0.005 and 0.01, and the difference between dynamic and static friction coefficients is small. For mechanisms with frequent starts, stops, and reversals at high frequencies, it can reduce overall machine weight and power consumption, and eliminates slippage. It achieves smooth movement under heavy or variable load conditions.

 

High sensitivity, accurate control during low-speed fine-tuning, no creep, good guiding performance during rolling, improving mechanical follow-up and positioning accuracy. The lubrication system is simple, and installation, disassembly, and adjustment are convenient. Not limited by the length of the machine bed, multiple guide blocks can be selected according to the load capacity. Widely used in planar linear motion mechanisms of NC and CNC machine tools.